Bronchoscopy:
Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic test done to visualize the insides of the lungs. It is done to evaluate the functioning of the bronchi, to detect diseases and disorders of the lungs, and to provide certain therapies. A bronchoscopy is done with the help of an instrument called the bronchoscope. It is usually a clinical procedure done in an operating room or a room designated for bronchoscopy. Prior to the procedure, the patient is advised not to consume any liquids or solid food for at least 12 hours. The patient is given a local anesthetic in the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea along with an antianxiety and anti-secretion medication. The patient’s vitals along with the blood pressure, and heart rate is done. A continuous ECG and pulse oximetry is also conducted during the test. Bronchoscopy is done either with a flexible bronchoscope or a rigid bronchoscope. The probe of the bronchoscope is inserted in the trachea and into the bronchial system. Imaging occurs in three types – in the form of CT scans (virtual bronchoscopy), ultrasound (endobronchial ultrasound), and fluorescence bronchoscopy where a florescent light is attached along with the probe. A bronchoscopy detects lung diseases, bronchial disorders, infections, and other conditions. It is also used for therapies like removal of foreign substances, blood, and others from the lungs, resection of bronchial tumors, tracheostomy, and stent insertion in lungs.
